Several studies suggest a protective role of coffee, with reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD reported ( van Gelder et al., 2007 Eskelinen et al., 2009 Arab et al., 2011 Liu et al., 2016 Wierzejska, 2017 Wu et al., 2017). Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive impairment of learning, memory and other cognitive deficits, with extracellular deposition of Aβ-amyloid (Aβ) protein within the brain leading to neuroinflammation, synaptic loss and neuronal death ( Villemagne et al., 2013). Epidemiological studies suggest coffee has beneficial effects on various conditions including stroke ( Larsson and Orsini, 2011), heart failure ( Mostofsky et al., 2012), cancers ( Wang et al., 2016), diabetes ( Akash et al., 2014), and Parkinson’s disease ( Ross et al., 2000). Coffee contains a range of bioactive compounds, including caffeine, chlorogenic acid, polyphenols and small amounts of vitamins and minerals ( Spiller, 1984). Worldwide, a high proportion of adults drink coffee daily, making it one of the most popular beverages globally.
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Further investigation is required to evaluate whether coffee intake could be incorporated as a modifiable lifestyle factor aimed at delaying AD onset. There were no associations between coffee intake and atrophy in total gray matter, white matter, or hippocampal volume.ĭiscussion: Our results further support the hypothesis that coffee intake may be a protective factor against AD, with increased coffee consumption potentially reducing cognitive decline by slowing cerebral Aβ-amyloid accumulation, and thus attenuating the associated neurotoxicity from Aβ-amyloid-mediated oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. Higher baseline coffee consumption was also associated with slower Aβ-amyloid accumulation over 126 months, and lower risk of progressing to “moderate,” “high,” or “very high” Aβ-amyloid burden status over the same time-period. Results: Higher baseline coffee consumption was associated with slower cognitive decline in executive function, attention, and the AIBL Preclinical AD Cognitive Composite (PACC shown reliably to measure the first signs of cognitive decline in at-risk cognitively normal populations), and lower likelihood of transitioning to mild cognitive impairment or AD status, over 126 months. In a subset of individuals, we also investigated the relationship between habitual coffee intake and cerebral Aβ-amyloid accumulation ( n = 60) and brain volumes ( n = 51) over 126 months. Methods: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported habitual coffee intake, and cognitive decline assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery in 227 cognitively normal older adults from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle (AIBL) study, over 126 months. However, there is limited longitudinal data from cohorts of older adults reporting associations of coffee intake with cognitive decline, in distinct domains, and investigating the neuropathological mechanisms underpinning any such associations. Several studies have suggested a protective role of coffee, including reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). 12Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australiaīackground: Worldwide, coffee is one of the most popular beverages consumed.11Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.10National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.9Cogstate Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia.8The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.7Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.6CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, QLD, Australia.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.4School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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3Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.2Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.
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